morris



H. T. MORRIS. SYSTEM or CONTROL.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25. l9l4.`

Patented YMay 27, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

, SSQ

. .S n Q M. M\ .Uw m\ wm Mw, M m` mwN M usw 1 m Mw M SQ .xbm MM.. Mm .Snn m w @mb Q.. u .Q ww sa s wwww NN 5N mx. JR. w .mw -M u v u w .H v m u v f u u v u v u M u u u u M uw u u u www# u u vvv M, u

wnNEssEs aff/[5 H. T. MORRIS.

' SYSTEM 0F CONTROL.

APPucAnoN FILED SEPT. 25. 1914.

Patented May 27, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Sah

wil;

\ INVENTORA /y/afa/ Z- WITNESSES: d/

BY Maf/ ATTORNEY- ms .vmmrs grens ca.. wom-Limo.. msm/wm". n c.

WlTN ESSES:

H. T. MORRIS.

SYSTEM 0F CONTROL.

APPucATloN FILED sEPT.25.1914.

Patented May 27, 1919.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 44 INVENTOR #06d TMW/vf ATTORNEYl UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. y

HURD T. MORRIS, 0F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION 0F PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OF CONTROL.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 27, 1919.

Application filed September 25, 1914. Serial No. 863,511.

an automatic systemI of the above-indicated character which shall be simple in arrangement and effective and reliable in operation and which shall embody certain novel control features.

According to my present invention, I provide a fully automatic control system for accelerating commutator-type alternating-current motors 'by initial connection thereof as repulsion motors with a resistor `in circuit and embodying a limit switch for thereafter successively effecting lthe exclusion of the resistor, the change to a,doublyfed connection with the resistor again in circuit, the second exclusion of the resistor, and the connection of additional portions of the custom- Y arily employed transformer winding to increase the armature voltageffirst inductively and then conductively, as the motor current successively decreases to a predetermined value after each increase of the current that is effected by the operation of the limit switch, as hereinafter fully described.

I provided also a limit switch, for the usual purpose, and having a plurality of cooperating actuating coils respectively connected in the motor circuit throughout operation and to an auxiliary source of energy during the period of repulsion-motor operation only. Thus, the propelling motors are relatively slowlysta-rted, and accelerated to the point of doubly-fed. connection, which has' been foundA to be of advantage when the acceleration proceeds somewhat. more rapidly.

f In the accompanying drawing, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of the main circuits of a Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the auxiliary control circuits for manipulating the motor-controlling switches shown in Fig. 1 in accordance with the sequence chart of well known form that is shown in Fig. 3; Figs. 4 to 9 areA simplified diagrammatic views serving to illustrate various main-circuit connections that are employed in the operation of my invention; Figs. 10, 11 and 12 are views of a modified form of control system which correspond, respectively, to Figs. 1, 2 and 3; and Figs. 13 to 16, inclusive, are diagrammatic views similar to the views of Figs. 4 to 9, inclusive, of certain circuit connections that are employed in the system illustrate-d in Fig. l0.

Referring, to Fig. 1 of the drawing, the system here shown comprises a suitable supply circuit including conductors marked respectively Trolley and Ground; a transformer of any suitable type, the primary windingP of which is connected across the supply circuit through a suitable electromagnetically operated switch LS, and the secondary winding S of which is adapted to be connected to the several propelling motors, which are respectively provided with armatures A1 and A2, main or exciting field windings F1 and F2, and auxiliary or compensating field windings C1 and C2; a plurality of motor-controlling switches 1 to 12, inclusive, preferably of a familiar electromagnetically actuated type; an accelerating resistor AR that is disposed in circuit with the propelling motors, under predetermined conditions; a short-circuiting resistor SCR be excited from an auxiliary source of energy, under predetermined conditions, as hereinafter described; and an overload trip switch OT, the stationary and movable con-y tact membersA of which are adapted to be connected in the controlling circuit of the line switch LS, in accordance with familiar practice.

Referring now t0 Fig. 2, the auxiliary control system shown, comprises a suitable auxiliary source of energy, such as a storage battery B, and a governing switch STV therefor; the actuating coils of the various motorcontrolling switches that are illustrated in Fig. 1, together with suitable electrically interlocking contact members which are respectively associated with the various switches in accordance with well-known practice; a master controller MC which is adapted to occupy a plurality of motor-controlling positions a, b, and c, in both a forward and a reverse direction, for suitably supplying energy to the actuating coils of the various main circuit switches; and a plurality of train-line conductors TL for connecting themaster controller MC to the sets of actuating'coils, which may be disposed upon one or more mechanically coupled railway vehicles, as is customary ractice.

The master controller MC, if moved to its initial operating position a in the forward runningdirection, for example, will effecte the automatic operation of the motors, starting as repulsionmotors with the resistor AR:

in circuit, then short circuiting the resistor, then changing over to a doubly-fed connection with the resistor AR again in circuit and then excludingthe resistor yfrom. circuit for the lsecond time, each change of circuit connections being dependent upon the operation of the'limit switch L, in accordance with familiar practice. If the master controller is moved to its second position Z9, an additional portion ofthe transformer winding S will be suitably automatically connected across the compensating field wind- 1ngsC1 and C2,thereby inductively increasingthe voltage impressed upon the motor armatures; and, if :the master controller is Vmoved to its iinalrunning position-0, the

intermediateV conductor Yof the cdoubly-fed-7 connection is shifted to impress a lower voltage upon the compensating field windings, and, consequently, conductively impress a higher voltage upon the motor armatures.

1t should be noted that, if the switches 10 and 11 are closed, while the switches 9 and l2 are opened, the motor current traverses the main field windings Fl and F2 in a predetermined direction relative to the current in the motor armatures; and if the converse is true, the current'liow's through the main field windings in the opposite direction, thereby providing a ready means for reversing the-electrical relations of the field windings and armatures of the motors, when de- Y v sired. l

The closure of the rever-sing switches 10 and 11, which correspond to forward running of the vehicle, is accomplished byV the establishment of a circuit from one side of the battery B through the switch SW, conductor 13, auxiliary contact segment 16 of ductor 13 through Vconductor 21, control tin-` ger 22, which engages a main contact segment 23 that corresponds .to the reversed operation ofthe master controller and to which the contact segment 16 is electrically connected, conductor 24, main contact segment 25 ofthe master controller, which corresponds to forward operation thereof, an auxiliary segment 26 which 'is electrically connected to the main segment 25, control fingers 27 which engage the segment 26, conductor 28, interlockingcontact member 10- out, the actuatingV coils of the switches 9 and' 12, and conductors 29 and 20, to the opposite terminal of the battery` B. y

Assuming the master VcontrollerMC to be` moved to' its final running position c inthe the master controller, control linger 17,-v

ifo

soY

direction indicated as forward, the operation of the system may be described .as'follows: In both thefoif andjall ofthe operative positions of the Ymaster controller MC, the line'switch LS is closed. by reason of the energization of'its operating coil from the r conductor 13 through conductor '133, interloc-k "Trolley-up,V conductor 13b, the cooperating contact inemberseofrthe overload trip OT and the actuating coil of the switch LS to the negative conductor 19.

An'auxiliarycontrol circuitl lis first established lfron`1-tlie contact segment 25,. through control finger 30, conductor 31, conductors 32 and`33which are bridged by an interlock contact member 11-in, at which point the circuit divides, one branch thereof including conductors 33 and 34 and the actuating coil of the switch 1, and the other branch including conductor 35, interlock contact` member 3-out and the-actuating coil of the switch 8 to a junction point 36, whence circuit is completed through interlock 2-out and the negative conductor 29. Another circuit is thereupon established from conductor 35, through conductor 35a, interlock S-in vand the auxiliary actuating coil L2 of the limit switch L. The main circuit connections are illustrated in Fig. 4. I l

Y As 'soon' as the motor current has diminished to a predetermined value permittingV thelimit switch L to assume its lower vposition, a circuit is established from -conductor 33 through'conductor 33a, interlock '8-in,f

conductor537, yinterlock l-in, the coperating stationary and movable contact members 38 of the limit switch L, interlock 8-in, kconductor 89, interlock 7-out and the actuating coil of the switch 7 to conductor 29. The accelerating resistor AR is thus shortcircuited, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 4. As soon as the switch 7 is closed, its actuating coil circuitis transferred to interlock 7-1n and through interlock 3-out to the conductor a.

Upon the closure of 'they switch 7', a circuit is completed from conductor 39, through conductor 40, interlock 3-out, the actuating coil of the switch 3, interlock 4-out and the negative conductor 29. The switch 3 is thus closed to complete a doubly-fed connection of the propelling motors, an intermediate point of the transformer winding S being connected to a point intermediate the armatures A1 and A2 and the compensating eld windings G1 and C2.. The closure of the switch 3. causes the opening of switch 8 by reason of theA kinclusion of the` interlock 3'-out in its control circuit, and the circuit of the coil L2 of the limit switch is thereupon interrupted )by reasonof the exclusion of theinterlock S-in from its control circuit.'` Moreover, the switch 7 is momentarily openedV by the exclusion 'of the interlock 3%out from its'control circuit.

Upon fthe closurey of switch 3, its actuating circuit is transferred to interlock 3-in and v conductors41 andV 42 tothe conductor 33a.

The main circuit ,connections at this time are illustrated in Fig. 5. Inasmuch as the auxiliary 'coil' L2 of` the limit switch Iwas energized during the period of repulsion- ,motor operation, it will be appreciated that the limit switch would not ldrop to its lower position, to complete connections for further accelerating the motors, until the motor current had decreased to a predetermined relativelylow value; thus, the motors are relatively slowly started and accelerated to the point ofdoubly-fed connection, whereafter the coil L2 is rendered inoperative as just pointed out, and the acceleration of the motors proceeds at a more rapid rate. It should furthermore be noted that since the speed current characteristics of repulsion and doubly-fed motors are materially different, it is very desirable, in many instances, to provide a current-limit relay for accelerating the motor for which the value of current at which the relay operates may be changed automatically when the doubly-fed connection is .established in order to provide a uniform acceleration.

When the limit 'switch L has again assumed its, lower position, after the completion of the doubly-fed connection of the motor, a circuit .is .established from the con- KVtact members88l thereof through interlock 34-in, and conductor 39 to the actuating coil ofv the switchv 7, Yas hereinbefore described. The accelerating resistor AR is thereby again ShOrt-cirCuited, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 5, which corresponds to the position a of the master controller.

A circuit is neX-t established from the main contact segment 25 of the master controller, through control finger 42a, conductor 42", interlock 5-out, conductors 42c and 37, interlock 1-in, the coperating Contact members 38 of the limit switch in its lower position, conductor' 43, interlocks 8-out and 7-in, respectively, conductor 44, interlock 2-out and the actuating coil of the switch 2 to the negative conductor 29. As soon as the switch 2 closes, its energizing circuit is transferred to interlockv 2-fin andv conductor 45, which is connected to the conductor 42. The main circuit connections are illustrated in Fig.6, the preventive resistor PRl being connected across an additionall portion of the transformer winding S temporarily. The switch 1 is then opened by reason of the exclusion from its controlling circuit of the interlock 2-out, and the switch 5 is closed by the completion of a circuit from conductor 42through conductor 46, the actuating coil of the switch 5 and interlocks l-out and 2-in, respectively, to the negative conductor 29. The preventive resistor PRl is thus ShOrt-cirCuited, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 6,.and the simplified circuit connections are illustrated in Fig. .7, which corresponds tothe position b of the master controller. p The switch-4 is next closed by the completion of a circuit from the main eontact'segnient 25 of the master controller, through control finger 46a, conductor 46", interlock 2-in, conductor 46, the coperating contact inembers 38 of the limit switch L in its lower position, conductor 43, interlocks 8out and 7-in, respectively, conductor 47, interlocks 5-in and 4-out, respectively, andthe actuating coil of the switch 4 to the negative conductor 29. Upon the closure of the switch, its energizing circuit is transferred to interlock 4-in and conductor 48, which is connected to conductor 42. The preventive resistor FB2 is thus shunted across a predetermined intermediate portion of the transformer winding S, as shown in Fig. 8. The switch 8 is thereupon opened by reason of the exclusion from its controlling circuit of the interlock 4--out, and the switch 6 is next closed by the completion of a circuit from conductor 42, through conductor 49, interlock S-out, the actuating coils of the switch 6, and interlock 4-in to the negative conductor 29. The final running connections of the propelling motors, corresponding to position 0 of the mastercontroller, are shown in Fig. 9.

It will be observed that themotors arey initially connectedas repulsion motors with the resistor AR temporarily in ycircuit and are relatively slowly accelerated t0 the point of doubly-fed connection, wherein the resistor AR is again temporarily included in circuit to be subsequently again short-circuited, the portion of the transformer winding S that is connected to the compensating Vfield windings C1 and IC2 being then increased, thereby inductively, or through transformer action, increasing the accelerating voltage impressed upon the armatures A1 and A2, and the portion-of the transformer winding that is connected to the compensating field windings being then decreased, thereby conductively increasing the voltage impressed upon the motor armatures and effecting further acceleration.

Reference may `now be had to Fig. l0,`

which discloses a main control system that differs from the system illustrated in Fig., l

in that a reversing switch RS, of a familiar type, is associated with the main field windings Fl and F2 in place of the switches 9,

10, l1 and 12, and an additional switch 9 isemployed for connecting one terminal of the transformer winding S, to the reversing switch. Y

The auxiliary control system illustrated in Fig. 1l comprises the battery B; the battery `switch SWggtheactuating coils for the vari- A ous motor-controlling switches illustratedin Fig. 10; the train line conductors TL; and a jmaster controller'MCl which is similar to the controller M C shown in Fig. 2 and ,which is adapted to assume a plurality of motorcontrolling positionsy a .tol c', inclusive, in

both a forward and a reverse direction. g

Assuming the reversing circuit-connections to beas shownin the drawing, thecombined action of the master controller and-reversing switch may be described as follows: A Ycir-V cuit'is established fromjone side ofthe bati teryV B, through the switch SV, conductorl 50, control linger 51, which engages main contact segment 52 of ther master controller that corresponds to the reversed operation` gization of the forwardv coil F to the position shown in the drawing, may be effected in a similar manner, and it is not deemed neces-k sary to trace the circuits here. Y

Assuming that the master controller MC jis moved in the forward running direction to its final position of, the operation of the system illustrated may be set forth as follows:

The line switch LS is closed throughout both the off and all of the operative. positions of the master controller, as prevlously described in connection with Fig. 2. A control circuit is also established from main contact segment 54 of the master controllerV through control linger 61, conductor 62, interlodk 2-out and conductor 63 to a point where the circuit divides, one branchincluding the actuating coil of the switch land the other branch including interlock 3--out and the actuating coil of the switch 8, to the common negative conductor 59. Another circuit is simultaneously established from auxiliary contact segment 64 which is connected to the main contact segment 52 of the master controller, through control finger 65,.

conductor 66, vcooperating stationary and movable contact-member 67 of `the .reversing switch in itsforward position, conductors 68 and 69 and the actuating coil of the switch 9, t o the negative conductor 59..Y The main` circuity connections at this time are illustrated in Fig. 13. g 1

A circuit is'thereupon Vestablished from conductor 62, through conductorv70, interlock 9-in, conductor 71,;interlock` 8-in, and the auxiliary 'coil L2 of the limit switch L, which coilis employed'in a similar capacity to that set forth'inconne'ction with thesystemshown in Fig. 2,; and a further circuit isv completed from conductor 71, through conductor 72, interlocks 8-in, 1

in and 5-out, respectively, conductor 73,:

the coperating stationaryV and movablev contact 'members 74 ofV theV limit switch L, provided it has a dropped to its. low-cur'-,

rent position, conductor 75, .interlock 7- out and the actuating coil Vof the switch 7 to the negative conductor 59l yThe clo-VV sure of the switch 7 transfers its actuating coll clrcuit to interlock 7-,1n and conductor 7 6 which isV connected to conductor 72. VThe cated by the dot-ted linev in' F ig- V13.

VAs soon as the switch 7-1is closed, the

switches 3, 2, 5 and 4 close progressively, being dependent upon the'` position of the limit switch L and upon the inclusion of certain interlocking contact members in their control circuits, in accordance with a familiar practice; for example, the switch 3 is closed, as soon as the switch7 hasassumed its closed position, bythe completion of a circuit from conductor 75, inter--A lock 7-in,conductor 77, interlocks 3-out and 4-out respectively, and the actuating coil of the switch 3 kto the'negative conductor 59. Upon the closure of switch 3, its.

Y 110. resistor AR Vis thus short-circuited, as indiactuating circuit is transferred to interlock 3-in and conductor 7 6, aswas the case with.' the switch 7, andthe switches2, l5 and 4 are similarly connectedV as soonasthey are closed. rlfheswitch Sis opened, uponthe N closure of the switch 3, by reason-of the/exclusion from its control circuit of the interlock Sj-oiut. 'Themain circuit connections at this time are illustrated in Fig. 14,wliich corresponds to the position cV of the master controller, and constitutes the; initial doubly-fed connection of the propelling motors@ The switch pletion of a circuit from the main contact segment 54 of the master controller, through control linger 76a, conductor 7 6b, interlocks 7-in and 5-out, respectively, conductor 7 3,

coperating contact members 74 of the limit switch, conductor 75, interlocks respectively associated with the switches 7, 3 and 2, and t-he actuating coil of the switch 2 to the conductor 59.

The progressive closure of the switch 2, as just outlined, connects the preventive resistor PRI across an additional portion of the transformer winding S, and the opening of the switch 1 is thereby effected, by reason of the exclusion from its control circuit of the interlock 2-out, as described in connection with the system shown in Fig. 2 and as illustrated in Fig. 15. The switch 5 is also automatically closed as soon as the limit switch L drops to its lower position and an interlock l-out has been included in the coil circuit of the switch 5. The preventive resistor PRl is thus short-circuited, as indicated by the dotted line in Fig. 15, which corresponds to the position o of the master controller.

The switch 4 is then progressively closed, and the switch 3l is opened by reason of the exclusion from its control circuit of the interlock 1.-out, whereby the preventive resistor PR2 is temporarily connected in the intermediate doubly-fed connection of the motors, as has been already described. The inain-circuit connections at this time are shown in Fig. 16.

As soon as the limit switch L has again dropped to its lower position, a control circuit is established from the main contact segment 54 of the controller, control linger 7 7 a, conductor 7 7 b, interlock 5-in, conductor 7 3, coperating contact members 74 of the limit switch, interlock 4-in, conductor 78, interlocks 6out and 3-out, respectively, and the actuating coil of the switch 6, to the negative conductor 59. The closure of the switch 6 transfers its coil circuit to the conductor 76 as described in connection with the switch 7. s

The preventive resistor PR2 is thus short circuited, as indicated by the dotted line of Fig. 16, which illustrates the fina-l running connections of the propelling motors, and corresponds to the position c of the master controller. Y

The general operation of the motors dur- I'dojnot wishto be restricted to the specific arrangement' or connections of circuits here- 2 is next closed upon the com-` '.:ingiacceleration is similar to that described .11, andV no. further description thereof is deemed to benecessary at this time.

in set forth, as modifications thereof may be made within the spirit and scope of my invvention; and'I,:therefore, desire thatonly such' limitations shall be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a control system, the combination with a supply circuit, and a dynamo-elec tric machine adapted to be connected thereto, of an auxiliary source of energy, and a switch for effecting certain circuit connections of said machine, said switch being provided with a plurality of actuating coils respectively energized from the machine circuit throughout'J operation and from said auxiliary source during a predetermined starting period. Y

2. In a control system, the combination with an alternating-current supply circuit, and an electric motor of the commutator type adapted to be connected thereto, of an auxiliary source of energy, and a limit switch for effecting acceleration of the motor initially as a repulsion motor, said switch being provided with a plurality of actuating coils respectively connected in the machine circuit throughout operation and to said auxiliary source only during the period of repulsion-motor operation.

3. In a control system, the combination `with an alternating-current supply circuit,

and an electric motor of the commutator type, of a plurality of motor-controlling switches, an auxiliary source of energy, a plurality of actuating coils for said switches adapted to be energized from said auxiliary source, and a limit switch for progressively completing the actuating coil circuits of said switches to effect acceleration of the motor initially as a repulsion motor and subsequently as a doubly-fed motor, said limit switch being provided with a plurality of actuating coils respectively connected in the machine circuit throughout operation and to said auxiliary source only during the period of repulsion-motor operation. 4. In a control system, the combination with a supply circuit, and a dynamo-electric machine adapted to be connected thereto, of an auxiliary source of energy, a current relay for e'ecting certain connections of said machine, said relay being provided with an auxiliary coil adapted to be energized in varying degrees from said auxiliary source of energy dependent upon condition of connection of said motor.

5. In a control system, the combination with a supply circuit, and a dynamo-electric machine adapted to be connected thereto, of

an auxiliary source of energy of substam' Y In testimony WhereoIhave hereunto subtially constant Voltage, a, current relay for scribed my name this 19th day of Septemefecting certain Connections for said Inaber, 1914. Y

chine, said relay being provided With an HURD T. MORRIS. 5 auxiliary coil adapted to be'connected to said -Witnessesz I auxiliary source of energy vforl certain of' ARTHUR J. HALL,

said motor connections. B. B. HINES.V

Copies of this patent may beobtained `for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

/ i Washington, D. C. f 

